FIELD NOTES BLOG

July Bird Blog

Bryce Messer
July 2, 2024

July is here, the sun is hot, and even more birds are here to see!


If you enjoy Bird Blog, please let us know! You can always e-mail me at education2.americorps@seversondells.org or call 815-335-2915 and ask for Bryce!

Black-crowned Night Heron

Nycticorax nycticorax

This heron is rather small when compared to the more well known species such as the great blue or the tricolored heron. Between the size of a crow and a goose with squat, thick proportions. This extends to their relatively short necks, board wings, and the heavy bills. These birds are not sexually dimorphic with all mature individuals possessing the same color pattern, though immature individuals look noticeably different. Mature birds have a white coloration from their face down to their abdomene, their flight feathers across the wings and tail are gray, their titular ‘black crown’ starts just before the bill and extends over the head down their back. Juveniles are far more drab, being brown all over with white spots scattered about. Something very interesting with their appearance is how their eye color changes with maturity, juveniles possess yellow eyes but as they age they become bright red. As their name suggests these birds are most commonly active at night; they emerge during evening and dusk to begin feeding on worms, fish, crustaceans, frogs and any other animals that can be found in or around water. Black-crowns migrate to our neck of the woods in order to breed, where they will form large nesting colonies of over a dozen breeding pairs being present. These are most notably found high in trees adjacent to bodies of water. One of the best places to see them is actually at the Lincoln Park Zoo where there is a rookery above the red wolf exhibit. Young will actually leave the nest at around 1 month old, which is strange given that they don't learn how to fly until at least 6 weeks of age. So for those 2 weeks after becoming independent they are forced to escape danger by using their feet to clamber through vegetation. Their call sounds similar to a raspy, bark-like squawk.

Barn Swallow

Hirundo rustica

I don't think that anyone across the United States can truly say that they haven’t come across one of these birds. They are ubiquitous with human inhabited areas across the entirety of non-arctic North America and most of South America. Making them the most abundant and widespread swallow species in the world. These birds have traded in their ancient homes of cliffs and shallow caves for the relative safety of buildings and other human structures. Nests of dried mud, grass, and feathers can be seen under bridges, inside abandoned builds and even in the rafters of  your very own porches and attics. Their coloration is simply spectacular: an iridescent cobalt-blue back paired with a tawny yellow belly and an orange-brown face makes this bird a true American beauty. The tail is broad and forked; dark in coloration and position a line of white spots. The wings are of a similar color minus the spots. Even though they are quite common they aren't something that you'll be seeing at your local feeders. This is because barn swallows are aerial feeders who catch insects while they are on the wing. The best place to spot them while not on the nest would be to look towards the skies at nearby fields, meadows, and bodies of water; for these are some of the most common feeding grounds for the birds. This bird holds a special place in conservation history as when the hat making industry caused declines in barn swallow populations led to George Bird Grinnell’s editorial essay, one that inspired the founding of the first Audubon Society. Both males and females sing the same song which includes a rapid bunch of mechanical sounding warbles.

Common Grackle

Quiscalus quiscala

Colorful, kind of like oil, slicked and shimmering over black asphalt, is one of the best ways that I could describe the Common Grackle. This member of the blackbird family, as their name suggests, are quite common birds being found across a wide variety of habitats such as cities, farms, and open woodlands across most of the United States and Canada. They are taller and more slender than many other blackbirds and possess a proportionally long tail. Sexually dimorphic, the females are black and brown mix with slight iridescence in the feathers of the head. Males are far more spectacular with a blue-green iridescent head, and glossy olive-yellow body and a faint reddish-purple wings. Common foods for these birds include just about anything that is organic, from fruits to insects to human waste, with their favorite food being grains such as corn and rice. They are also highly gregarious, forming massive flocks. The 2 previously mentioned traits have led to serious human-wildlife conflict since birds can cause several hundred million dollars in crop loss when they descend upon some poor farmer's field. However, the common grackle might not be too common for much longer. Starting in the 1960s there has been a steady decline in their numbers with a nearly 4% decrease in their numbers. Most of this decline is attributed to changes in habitat as many of the abandoned fields and agricultural lands, their preferred habitat, are slowly being converted back into forest, a habitat they are not adapted for. If you would like to attract these birds to your property you can simply scatter seed and grain upon the ground, if they are in the area that should appear.  Like any other songbirds that possess a variety of call but their most common song is a high-pitched, guttural variety of squeaks, whistles, and croaks.

Chimney Swift

Chaetura pelagica

‘Its a bird…  it’s a plane… no you were right the first time, it is a bird’. Specifically, it's a chimney swift. This bird is most commonly seen as a fast moving silhouette in the sky of cities east of the Mississippi, the shape of which is most commonly described as ‘flying cigar’. The title is given to it because its entire body is rather tubular in shape with a short neck, bear, and tail. Feathers are a dark, dusky brown save for a lighter gray patch on the throat and chin. The wings are rather long, especially when compared with the tiny size of their body, and end in a point, giving the overall wingspan look sharp and almost boomerang shape. Wingbeats are very stiff and shallow, similar to those of a dragonfly. These physical adaptations have made them excellent aerial predators, being able to catch flying insects such as mosquitos, moths, flies, and beetles high in the air with pin-point accuracy. Those of you who have houses with chimneys might hear the chorus of many birds tweeting their fast-paced, high-pitched chips, which in some cases are only a half second apart resulting in an insect -like buzzing sound. And this is because, like the aforementioned barn swallow, this bird has become specially adapted to living in human inhabited areas. Chimneys are their preferred nesting sites for them since they emulate the dark areas with plenty of vertical surface area associated with their original natural sites such as caves and hollow old-growth trees. Vertical surfaces are required as the foot shape of the swift prevents them from perching like normal birds, they can only take off and land on walls and trunks of trees. Their nests are made from twigs woven together and glued together with saliva. Depending on the size of the chimney there can be up to 10,000 birds at one site, especially during the winter when they group up to conserve heat. Sadly, swifts like the common grackle have faced steep declines with 67% of the population dying off since 1966. This is most likely attributed to the fact that modern houses are not being built with the old-style brick chimneys. This coupled with the fact that natural sites have been destroyed for agriculture and housing has resulted with swifts losing most of their nesting sites, preventing successful breeding. 

easter Whip-poor-whil

Antrostomus vociferus

These birds have been made famous after being featured in a plethora of folk music and pieces of literature given their association with warm summer nights. Whip-poor-wills, like all other Caprimulgiformes, are nocturnal using their huge eyes to safely navigate in low light conditions. They are aerial feeders who, like the bar swallow and chimney swift, catch insects on the wing by scooping them up with their huge, cavernous maw and gulping them down. To help with funneling their prey into their mouths they have "rictal bristles; which are long, stiff and hairlike feathers that are present around the mouth that male their mouths ‘larger’ without actually having to grow a larger beak or head. These birds have narrow, rounded and disproportionately long wings which can be twice the length of the bird itself. During the day they are normally found resting horizontally perched on tree branches or on the ground. To aid in not being spotted by predators both sexes of the species are cryptically camouflaged with a complicated pattern of mottled grays, blacks and browns. Their bodies are rather squat poses round bodied and large heads and tiny legs. The only difference between males and females would be the presence of a white spot on the corner of the tail for males. Their call is quite easy to remember because it's just them constantly repeating their own names, ‘Whip-poor-will’, in an emphatic tone. These birds are far easier to hear than to see as the males will continue to call at dusk throughout the night for extended periods of time. If you do want to see them the best way is to use a red-spotlight to catch them resting on barren pieces of ground in open woodlands.

RECENT ARTICLES

Wood Ducks

By Bruce Muench • April 25, 2025
Forward:

Herbicide Injuries in Our Natural Areas

By Rowan Mermel • April 23, 2025
“Once you see it you can’t unsee it”

America the Beautiful & Our Changing Relationship with Earth Day

April 22, 2025
From the rugged peaks of the Rocky Mountains to golden desert canyons, the rolling prairies to the ancient, mist-shrouded Appalachian mountains — America is a land rich in many beauties. We are home to the towering redwoods of the west coast, sun-drenched coastlines in the south, and the deep blues of the Great Lakes that collectively hold the largest volume of freshwater on Earth. These wild places offer a kind of quiet that stirs the soul. This vast, varied land is what we proudly call “America the Beautiful.” And on Earth Day, this is the America we celebrate. We scroll through snapshots of National Parks, photos of mountain trails, canyon vistas, tidepools, and wildflower filled prairies. Maybe we've seen these places with our own eyes — maybe we carry them like a dream we hope to one day reach. We’ve all, in some way, been struck by the beauty of this land. As I write these words, I’m sitting at my desk looking out the window into the woodland of Severson Dells, watching the first green buds emerge, listening to the fluting whistles of returning songbirds. How lucky are we to live among such beauty? But that beauty is in danger. Today, mountaintops in Appalachia are being blown apart for coal, their peaks stripped and valleys buried in rubble. Ancient forests in the Pacific Northwest are leveled for lumber, their centuries-old trees felled in minutes. Oil rigs rise like metal skeletons in Alaska’s fragile tundra, while pipelines thread through sacred Indigenous lands and important wildlife corridors. Wetlands that once buffered our coastlines from hurricanes are drained and filled. Prairies, once stretching unbroken across the heart of the continent like an ocean of grass, are disappearing under pavement and plow. Our coastlines are receding. Our coral reefs, once vibrant, are dying, bleaching bone-white. Even here, outside my window, invasive honeysuckle strangles the understory where spring ephemerals once bloomed, and the chorus of birds is quieter than it used to be — a stark reminder that nearly one-third of North American bird populations have vanished in the past fifty years. But this isn’t a new story. Ours is not the first generation to witness the cost of ‘progress’. The tension between beauty and destruction has shaped this nation since the Industrial Revolution. And while the challenges we face today are daunting, they are not insurmountable. Every year, on April 22nd, we celebrate Earth Day – a day that itself was born from a moment not unlike our own. America of the 1950’s and 60’s is almost unrecognizable from the America we know today. In 1943, Los Angeles residents awoke one morning to skies so dark and chemical-laden they feared they were under a gas attack . It was smog. Just 5 years later, a lethal blanket of smog from zinc smelters in Pennsylvania killed 20 people in just three days . The Merrimack River in New Hampshire ran a different color each day , depending on what the local mills were dumping. And in 1969, Cleveland's Cuyahoga River — thick with oil and industrial waste — burst into flames , its smoke billowing four stories high. These weren’t isolated incidents. They were the symptoms of a larger crisis—one brought on by decades of industrial expansion with few, if any, environmental safeguards. At the same time that America was enjoying unprecedented prosperity, it was also polluting its air, poisoning its rivers, and sickening its people. The economy boomed, but the environmental consequences were growing harder to ignore. In 1962, a marine biologist named Rachel Carson published Silent Spring, a book that would become a cornerstone of the modern environmental movement. Carson’s work focused on the effects of chemical pesticides—especially DDT—on ecosystems and human health. She warned of a future without birdsong, where toxins accumulated in the food chain and sickened both wildlife and people. Silent Spring struck a chord. It didn’t just present scientific facts, it gave voice to a deep, growing unease. People were already noticing the changes around them: the absence of fireflies in summer, the increasing number of fish kills in local lakes, the haze that lingered over cities for days. Carson’s words helped connect the dots, and it didn’t just inform, it inspired, and from it spurred the beginning of the environmental movement. By the late 1960s, a wave of activism was sweeping the country. Young people were leading protests against the Vietnam War, civil rights leaders were marching for justice, and college campuses had become hotbeds of political energy. Watching this cultural shift with inspiration was Senator Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin. A long-time advocate for environmental protection, Nelson saw how the antiwar movement had galvanized young people—and he wondered whether that same passion could be channeled into fighting a different kind of crisis: the growing threat to America’s air, water, and land. His sense of urgency only deepened in early 1969, when tragedy struck the California coast. A blowout at a Union Oil drilling platform off the coast of Santa Barbara spilled nearly 100,000 barrels of crude oil into the Pacific Ocean . Black sludge washed up on miles of pristine beaches. Seabirds lay dying under slicks of oil. Dolphins and seals washed ashore. The air reeked of petroleum for weeks. The images were devastating—and they were broadcast into homes across the nation. Senator Nelson knew the time to act was now. In November of that year, he announced plans for a "National Teach-In on the Crisis of the Environment" —a day when Americans would come together to learn, protest, and push for meaningful environmental change. This name was later changed to Earth Day, and the date chosen was April 22, 1970—strategically placed between spring break and final exams to ensure strong participation on college campuses.  To bring this ambitious vision to life, Nelson turned to Denis Hayes, a 25-year-old student activist. With Hayes’ help, a 7 month timeline, and a shoestring budget of just $124,000, Earth Day sparked an unprecedented nationwide movement. College campuses began planning teach-ins and events. Newspapers picked up the story. Civic groups, churches, and schools joined in. The momentum built quickly—and organically. Within a few months, the Earth Day idea had become a nationwide grassroots event supported by millions of people. Colleges campuses across the country organized “teach- ins”, and major newspapers were writing about Senator Nelson's ideas. Earth Day may have been Gaylord Nelson’s idea, but American citizens made it happen. “Earth Day worked because of the spontaneous response at the grassroots level,” reflected Gaylord Nelson. “It organized itself.” Historian Adam Rome would later call it “the most famous unknown event in modern American history.” On April 22, 1970, an estimated 20 million Americans—nearly 10% of the U.S. population at the time —participated in what remains the largest single-day political demonstration in the nation’s history. People from all walks of life gathered for marches, cleanups, rallies, and teach-ins. The message was clear: the environment mattered, and the public was ready to fight for it. What made Earth Day so powerful was not just its scale, but its unity. The movement crossed ideological lines. It was bipartisan, supported by both Democrats and Republicans. At a time of deep national division, Earth Day reminded Americans that the health of our planet is a shared responsibility—and a common cause. Even more remarkable is that this enormous, coordinated event was pulled off without the tools we rely on today. No social media. No email. No cell phones. Just passionate people, printed flyers, rotary phones, and the belief that change was possible. The success of Earth Day didn’t just move the public—it resonated with leaders in Washington, and led to real change. In just a few years, the United States went from having almost no federal environmental policy to enacting an environmental policy infrastructure strong enough to slow down the era of unregulated industrial sprawl to protect our planet and public health. The success of the first Earth Day led to the passage of some of the most important environmental legislation in American history, including: The Clean Air Act (1970) The Clean Water Act (1972) The Endangered Species Act (1973) President Richard Nixon oversaw the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency and signed the above landmark environmental laws into effect. In a 1970 speech, Nixon captured the spirit of the moment with a message that still rings true today: “The great question of the seventies is, shall we surrender to our surroundings, or shall we make our peace with nature and begin to make reparations for the damage we have done to our air, to our land, and to our water? Restoring nature to its natural state is a cause beyond party and beyond factions. It has become a common cause of all the people of this country. It is a cause of particular concern to young Americans, because they, more than we, will reap the grim consequences of our failure to act on programs which are needed now if we are to prevent disaster later. Clean air, clean water, open spaces—these should once again be the birthright of every American. If we act now, they can be. We still think of air as free. But clean air is not free, and neither is clean water. The price tag on pollution control is high. Through our years of past carelessness we incurred a debt to nature, and now that debt is being called. ” In the years that followed the first Earth Day, America made progress—rivers stopped catching fire, cities began to breathe a little easier, and wildlife rebounded. But the work was never meant to end in the 1970s. Earth Day is a reminder that the environment is not a limitless resource, and that protecting it requires action, accountability, and cooperation. Fifty five years later we face new environmental challenges, but Earth day is a reminder of what we can accomplish when we come together, regardless of party or background, to protect the natural world we all share. Today, the landmark pieces of legislation that were established in the 1970’s are under threat. The first hit to the Clean Water Act was the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2023 decision in Sackett v. EPA, which significantly narrowed the Act's scope, limiting protections for wetlands and many streams. This ruling has led to a significant weakening of federal oversight. More recently, the EPA has announced significant changes to the Clean Water Act that potentially puts the drinking water sources for tens of millions of Americans at risk. As for the Endangered Species Act, there is a proposed rule change that would limit violations of the Act only to actions that hurt or kill animals. Harming the habitats the endangered animals need to survive would no longer be a violation of the Endangered Species Act, which would open large swaths of land to logging, mining and development that were previously protected. As we all know, if a species doesn’t have the habitat to survive and breed in then it will eventually go extinct. This proposed rule change is open for public comment until May 19 in the Federal Register, so please consider sharing your opinion . Additionally, there is the Zero-Based Regulatory Budgeting To Unleash American Energy Executive Order. The legal community is still trying to figure out just how far reaching this EO is, but it is likely to have a significant impact on a wide range of environmental regulations. These threats to the health of our environment put “America the Beautiful” at risk. The spacious skies, amber waves of grain, purple mountain majesties, and the fruited plain from sea to shining sea are left vulnerable. Now more than ever, Earth Day calls on all of us to act to protect our beautiful environment. Earth Day is now celebrated in over 190 countries. But its roots lie in a time when people refused to accept the destruction of the world around them as inevitable. So, what will you do this Earth Day? Because history has shown us: when people care, when they act together, the world changes. The debt to nature is still being called—and we still have the power to answer. This Earth Day, don’t just celebrate – participate. Plant a tree. Call your representatives. Learn the name of the bird outside your window. Donate to organizations that support our natural lands, our water, and our future. Vote. Teach your children not just to love the Earth, but to fight for it. Talk about climate change, even when it’s hard. Especially when it’s hard. Use your voice, use your art, use your science. Join a local cleanup, start a compost bin, reduce your plastic use. Talk to your neighbors. Talk to your parents. Talk to your children. You can’t wait for someone else to take action. You don’t need to be perfect. You don’t need to do everything. But you do need to begin. Because the Earth doesn’t need more perfect people, it needs millions of imperfect people who care enough to act with intention everyday. Sources: Klein, Ezra, and Thompson, Derek. Abundance . Simon & Schuster, 18 March 2025 “Gaylord Nelson & Earth Day Origins.” Nelson Earth Day , https://nelsonearthday.net/gaylord-nelson-earth-day-origins/ . Accessed 18 Apr. 2025. Gammon, Katharine. “The Deadly Donora Smog of 1948 Spurred Environmental Protection—But Have We Forgotten the Lesson?” Smithsonian Magazine , 26 Oct. 2018, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/deadly-donora-smog-1948-spurred-environmental-protection-have-we-forgotten-lesson-180970533/ . Accessed 18 Apr. 2025. Lamoreaux, Naomi. “The 1943 Hellish Cloud Was the Most Vivid Warning of L.A.'s Smog Problems to Come.” Smithsonian Magazine , 15 Jan. 2018, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/1943-hellish-cloud-was-most-vivid-warning-las-smog-problems-come-180964119/ . Accessed 18 Apr. 2025. “The Merrimack River: How Revisiting Its History Helps Renew Action.” Forest Society Blog , Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests, 26 Sept. 2022, https://www.forestsociety.org/blog-post/merrimack-river-how-revisiting-its-history-helps-renew-action . Accessed 18 Apr. 2025. Pyne, Stephen J. “The Cuyahoga River Caught Fire at Least a Dozen Times, but No One Cared Until 1969.” Smithsonian Magazine , 22 June 2019, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/cuyahoga-river-caught-fire-least-dozen-times-no-one-cared-until-1969-180972444/ . Accessed 18 Apr. 2025. Westervelt, Eric. “How California’s Worst Oil Spill Turned Beaches Black and the Nation Green.” NPR , 28 Jan. 2019, https://www.npr.org/2019/01/28/688219307/how-californias-worst-oil-spill-turned-beaches-black-and-the-nation-green . Accessed 18 Apr. 2025.